Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater Essay Example

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater Paper Fallingwater, arguably Frank Lloyd Wright’s most famous design, was begun in 1936 as a retreat for the Edgar J. Kaufmann family. The design placed the home above a waterfall located on the site, rather than facing it as Kaufmann had suggested to Wright (Fay-west. com 2005). The materials Wright selected and Kaufmann approved were concrete for the foundation and native sandstone, quarried on the site for walls and used to separate the trays of reinforced concrete making up the living and bedroom areas. The home is cantilevered over the stream, which forms the waterfall. It is a dramatic design and recognized as â€Å"†¦a house that summed up the 20th century and then thrust it forward still further (Goldberger 1986). Fallingwater was used as a weekend retreat by the Kaufmann family from 1937 until 1963 when Edgar Kaufmann, jr. donated the home and its contents to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. Built by local craftsmen, it is the only Wright work to survive as originally designed and with its contents and art intact. The building was built as a weekend retreat for the family of Pittsburgh department store mogul, Edgar J. Kaufmann. It was used for that purpose up until it was deeded over to the conservancy and has been open to the public in its original state since 1964. Wright masterfully planned each structural element of this house to be in complete harmony with nature and its surroundings. Three-foot wide cantilevers thrust out over the stream from their anchors, both in the bedrock and from sandstone masonry set in place for that purpose. They form the primary support for the main level terrace. A fundemental part of the structure is the soffit slab, which integrates with the girders and acts as a load carrying T beam. We will write a custom essay sample on Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is unfortunate but engineers have determined that the structure is not sound, which does not detract from the aesthetics but after fifty years the structure needed major work to keep it from falling into the river. The sixteen one-inch rebars were not sufficient reinforcement for the design’s load. Both terraces began to sag downward toward the river beneath the building (Structural Group 2005). Reinforcement work began in 2001 after major studies were undertaken to determine the best methods to shore it up. While Frank Lloyd Wright pioneered the Prairie School, his Fallingwater home, while linear in the Prairie tradition, is ultra modern and stands alone as a tribute to the genius of Wright as an innovator. The use of cantilevers to extend the home out into space and span the river below was innovative and rarely if every seen in a private home. Wright’s use of the linear coupled with the ultra modern design was then married to a Prairie School style, utilizing nature and natural materials whenever possible. I am drawn to this home because of the distinctiveness of the design. Where Wright could have designed a log cabin or hunting lodge for the Pittsburgh millionaire, he chose to put forth what must have been a radical design for its time. Today it still amazes the thousands of visitors who trek through the nature preserve where the home sits. The building fits into its surroundings as if it grew there. The cantilevers over the stream make it seem as if a cliff has extend out over the edge of a waterfall. The trees were left in place whenever possible and the use of the native materials, principally sandstone quarried onsite, are harmonious with the entire unit. This structure functioned as a weekend retreat and country home for the Kaufmann family for decades, just as it was designed to do. Today it stands as a memorial to that family’s vision in allowing a genius to erect his dream as well as a shrine to the genius as well. It serves the visitors who flock to see what can be done if man dares imagine. Works Cited Fay-West. com 2005 Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater Retrieved 09/09-2007 From: http://www. fay-west. com/fayette/fallingwater/ Goldberger, P 1986 as quoted by Fay-West. com Frank Lloyd Wright’s Falling- water Retrieved 09/09/2007 from: http://www. fay-west. com/fayette/fallingwater/ Structural Group 2005 Project Background: Frank Lloyd Wright’s renowned Architectural jewel undergoes external post-tensioning by VSL Retrieved 09/09/2007 from: http://www. structural. net/Fallingwater/ fallingwater_bkgd. html

The Jungle Book, Morals and Ethics essays

The Jungle Book, Morals and Ethics essays The story of The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling is a tale of a young man cub by the name of Mowgli- the Frog, who is apart of an extremely atypical society. The story begins when a Panther who goes by Bagheera discovers an abandoned boat still with one helpless passenger; baby Mowgli. Bagheera then takes the child to the one place he deems fit, which was the wolf pack in the Indian Jungle. Ten years go by very quickly and Mowgli has grown into incredibly energetic and adventurous young boy. For the most part a human boy living among animals in the jungle was acceptable to most, except a tiger named Shere Khan. The wolf pack knows of Shere Khans hatred for man and decides the best way to protect him is by sending him to the man village to live with his own kind. On his way to the village, Mowgli meets various animal characters that help support him and some who attempt to delude him. Ultimately, Mowgli must face Shere Khan as his last obstacle on he way to a new life. Once this battl e concluded Mowgli at last makes his way to the man village where he in a bittersweet moment leaves behind some old friends and finds a family. The Jungle Book is much more than a story of a boy rose by wolves in a jungle. When looked at closely it depicts all of human society; the unjust and even corrupt. It shows how our society could work and structure just as a jungle could, with the laws of the jungle and rules of civilization. The jungle represents a city and all the animals are its citizens. Each animal in The Jungle Book represents a different part of the city. There are hard workers, schemers, beggars, leaders and criminals. Kipling uses the jungle and its animals to represent human civilization and the dangers that are present. This danger could be many things such as war, lack of food or lack of culture. Kiplings chief point is that danger is always around and is always present. This ...

Speech outline on why you should start a savings account Essay

Speech outline on why you should start a savings account - Essay Example Statistics: statistics shows that people have concentrated in spending their finances than saving.76% of the population which indicates that they spend their money in meeting household requirements. The data from EBRI indicate that in 2013, the savings of 51 percent of workers aged 45-54 were less than $25000. Evidence: An individual will be relieved if they have funds under a savings plan which will meet the above contingencies. It is also significant that an efficient insurance cover is taken because it will assist in the management of the unexpected financial distress. Evidence: The second reason that compels for creation of a savings account is contributing towards retirement. This involves saving for the future and earning interest that will cater for forthcoming expenses.â€Å"Is it devastating to retire without an effective pension plan?† Evidence: They benefit also because they are entitled to affordable prices and interest rates. Education is enhanced through setting aside money that will be used for further studies. This is important in the attainment of master’s and doctorate degrees and for educating children (Gillen & Levinson 200). Creation of a savings account is also significant in the process of investment protection. This is because it protects the business’s asset portfolio since these accounts caters for unexpected expenses such as induced sale of property. This should encourage investors to avoid investing their money in speculative assets in the volatile market. Individuals with savings in financial institutions are advantaged since they have the potential to venture into vast business opportunities. This is beneficial, therefore, because amassing wealth is important in the attainment of financial objectives (Claxton 87). Restating preview of points: This is because several citizens are affected by the dynamic change in the level of the economy; emergencies and retirement. This is

Short response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short response - Essay Example The capitalists of all countries forced their workforce to wage for the issue through massive wage cuts and layoffs. At the same time, the issue drove the high-class persons to construct protectionist alliances to protect their destabilized economies. Britain constructed its Sterling alliance, while America passed the Smoot-Hawley statement to wall off the American economy from competitors. As anticipated, economic competition, become an open war to grab opportunities and regions from rival nations. The exploration of sustenance stretched extraordinarily throughout WWII. In the United States, researchers attempted to recognize which vitamins and minerals were most fundamental to a sound body and in what sums. Studies were led to figure out what number of calories were smoldered doing different exercises. Legitimate sustenance arrangement, stockpiling and taking care of, and conservation turned into a top necessity for the military. Troopers proportions were deliberately detailed to supply the greatest measure of nourishment and vitality, while accommodating mixed bag and taste2. Meeting these tests implied working first in the research facility before working in the kitchen. The advancement of the D-proportion gives an extraordinary case. The "D" proportion was a high-calorie crisis apportion that came as a strengthened chocolate bar. A three-share bundle of these bars might furnish a fighter with 1,800 calories of vitality. Once the military settled on a chocolate bar for thei r crisis proportion, researchers set about making it, with the accompanying prerequisites: it needed to weigh 4 ounces, it must be high in calories, it must have the capacity to withstand high temperatures, and it needed to taste "a bit superior to a bubbled potato." This last necessity was forced to keep officers from nibbling on their crisis proportions in non-crisis circumstances.

Art In the Late Antiquity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art In the Late Antiquity - Essay Example The late antiquity period affected the artwork politically and economically making major transformations within the continent. The late antiquity period bridged between the Roman art, Byzantine art and the medieval art. The antique art did not dwell on the beauty and the body moments but largely dealt with the spiritual reality events. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the paintings and sculptures were no longer, the most favoured artwork but were replaced by the mosaics, relief sculptures and the architecture. The architecture and the sculpture gradually changed the face of Europe through making new buildings, archaeological sites and sculptures that are adored by many individuals even in the modern world. For example, the Monalisa painting that was painted by the great artist Leonardo Da Vinci has proven to be one of the most treasured artwork. The painting has been a major contributor of the economy (Newby, 94). The European art has been arranged over the centuries in re lation to the different styles and patterns of art available in different centuries. The art has been influenced by the political ideologies in the continent, different views of politics according to the artist and the public. The late antiquity period led to political transformations and affected the economy of the state. The Roman Empire citizens during the prehistoric period had pressure of high taxation and the cost of presenting their artwork in terms of entertainment proved to be high (Newby, 104). These problems caused by the selfish leaders affected most of the artist work by discouraging potential artists since they were unable to pay up taxes and still improve their life styles. The artwork being a major contributor to the economy in turn affected the economy of the state. The economic activity of the Europeans during the late antiquity era was artwork. The general population decrease, technological knowhow and the standards of living in the prehistoric Europe was an examp le of the societal collapse for most of the artists living during this era. This led to the fall of the Western Empire, which made the late antiquity period be referred to as the â€Å"Dark ages†. The population decrease meant the reduction of the market for the artwork. The reduction of the European population hindered most of the dreams in the artist. For example, population decreases were largely caused by the split of the Roman Empire during the reign of ruler Diocletian (Newby, 154). He introduced the custom of splitting the Roman Empire in to the Eastern and the western Empire. The East possessed better and great flourishing capital and development potential this made it more economically and politically successful (Newby, 155). The mode of the ruling in the European, which at first was the democracy mode of ruling where individuals ruled themselves. This mode of ruling continued until Rome became a republic. Rome people had the responsibility choose their kings. These kings had the obligation of making the rules and laws that protected the rights and the properties of Rome people. These laws protected the artist work from the brokers, which was the major contributor to the European economy during the late antiquity period and the middle age era. The strained economies of the Roman due to the over expansion prevented the growth of cities. The upper classes in the society were the only privileged

Irelands Sovereign Debt Crisis

Irelands Sovereign Debt Crisis Both the Fed and the ECB use similar tools to implement monetary policy, although some differences do exist between the method used to manage the money and influence short term interest rates (Cecchetti OSullivan, 2003). The fed conduct an overnight repurchase agreements (repos) which are made of collateralized loans. The fed provide reserves to a small number of designated dealers in exchange for government securities, and agree to reserve the transaction at a future date. The Fed decide each morning the level of reserves to supply, by forecasting the demand of reserves the goal by doing so is to keep the federal funds rate as close to its target as possible. However, in case of sustained increases in reserves demand the Fed purchases government securities outright in the secondary market.   With the reserve requirements, the Fed has another tool to stabilize the demand for reserves and also it makes it easier to control the fed funds rates. At the same time the discount rate gives us the cost of funds available to banks to borrow through the discount window. Banks are obliged to finish all other sources of financing before going to discount window. Although funds in the discount window are a vailable at a rate lower than the market rate, borrowing in the discount window is perceived as the bank being in trouble. According to the definition from Wikipedia, An open market operation (OMO) is an activity by a central bank to give (or take) liquidity in its currency to (or from) a bank or a group of banks. The central bank can either buy or sell government bonds in the open market (this is where the name was historically derived from) or, which is now mostly the preferred solution, enter into a repo or secured lending transaction with a commercial bank: the central bank gives the money as a deposit for a defined period and synchronously takes an eligible asset as collateral (Open market operation, 2017). From the perspective of the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank (ECB), identify and explain how the short term policy rate is implemented as part of monetary policy. Describe identifiable economic target variables that these central banks attempt to control and the degree of transparency applied in implementing policy. Incorporate a discussion of how operating procedures and institutional practice are managed in the respective jurisdictions (U.S. and Eurozone). Make reference to Wikipedias description of Open Market Operations. Compare and contrast where appropriate. Make reference to Taylor (1993), The Cecchetti Chapters 15 and 16. During the two decades before 2007, the Irish economy made a significant progress through implementation of wide range of policies. Those policies helped the country to stimulate productivity. The country industrial policies focused successfully on encouraging export-oriented foreign direct investment. Adding to that the country focused on improving education with large expansion of the third level sector. As result of those policies, the Irish economy outpaced advanced economies, and its labor productivity was not far from US by mid-2000. The country put a lot of people into work during the Celtic Tiger, for a country that did not have a lot of institution it was a huge labor participation. In the late 1980 the country had 1.1 million of people at work but by 2007 It grew to 2.1 Million. While the country in late 1980 had a low rate of labor force participation, from mid-1990 onwards Irish people who lived abroad started to take job at home. Due to that the Irish economy became incr edible employment creating machine. The country lowed tax rates and raised public spending. Given that; the country experimented a very gracious growth, and at the same time it had sufficient tax revenue to generate budget surplus. While the country was wishing for that period to last forever, things did not go like that and the bubble popped in 2007. Factors that contributed to Irelands Sovereign debt crisis Huge deficit: Banking crisis:   International borrowing of the 6 mains banks in Ireland rose from less than 15billion in 2003 to almost 100 Billion by 2007the credit boom and acceleration of housing activity were all financed by the Irish banks. Whelan (2011) stated that prior to 2003 they operated normally, with the boom they changed strategy and increased their property lending at rapid rates and financed much of this expansion with bonds issued to international investors. That created a huge exposure of the Irish banks to property developers, as the only way for the banks to get their money back was if the housing price kept increasing. As most of the property developers found misfortune during the collapse of the housing boom, it was difficult for those banks to get their money back and at the same time they found it hard to raise funds on bond markets as international investors became concern about their exposure. In what ways is Ireland Sovereign Debt Crisis akin to the crisis experienced in other Eurozone jurisdictions. In what way is it different? As Ireland a lot of countries in the Eurozone were operation a debt/GDP ratio above 90% prior to 2000, and with joining the Eurozone and changing currency some of them saw a growth of the economy in a way they were not expecting. The major banks of the Eurozone were all highly exposed to the losses in the US market in asset-backed securities. The end of the credit boom saw the economy growth of countries that were benefiting from it slowed down, they saw a fall in their fiscal revenues. The banking sector of some of the Eurozone countries deteriorated in way that for the outside world investors they posed fiscal risks. At one point they represented such a risk for the overall euro that they were shout out of the bond market. While the crisis experienced by other countries in the Eurozone was in some way similar to Ireland, the difference was the other countries were running large and sustained external deficits. However, in Ireland the government through the boom of the housing market focused less on taxing income taxes but most of the revenue of the government was from taxing the property developing market. According to Philip R. Lane (2012) in Ireland the government was not a net borrower during 2003-2007 while in countries like Portugal and Greece the government and corporations were both significant borrowers. Lane (2012) argued that the origin and propagation of the European sovereign debt crisis can be attributed to the flawed original design of the euro. While the euro area enjoyed years of happiness and growth, it was a half concept since from the beginning it was built of the Dollar union. There was an incomplete understanding of the fragility of a monetary union during crisis. Furthermore, it was created without a significant degree of banking union or fiscal union. While originally the monetary union was designed to tackle the over-borrowing of some countries, retaining national responsibility for financial regulation and fiscal policy never took away the risks some countries was building from years. With the euro, the fiscal risks increased before the crisis as the euro made finance available to countries which already had problem controlling their debt/GDP ratio. During the crisis it was more difficult to save the banks, and also the fiscal costs of rescuing them increased. If the euro was same as the dollar, the monetary union would have been out of the crisis quicker than what actually happened. The single currency took away the tools for a country to adjust its economy during time of crisis. First, cutting the interest rates to stimulate demand, but at the start of the crisis the ECB did the opposite and raised the interest rate, which put countries like Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Greece and others in a bad position. The second was to devaluate the currency in order to boost exports. While most countries that were hit at the same time as Euro managed to recover from the financial crisis, the difficulty of pulling the same trick failed here as the recovery is slow and some of the euro countries still hang on the edge of collapsing. Definition and Characteristics of hedge funds It is not clearly defined what hedge funds are, but different typical characteristics are enumerated in order to give some clarification on what they were. Stulz (2007) defined them as unregulated pools of money managed by an investment advisor, the hedge fund manager, who has a great deal of flexibility. Cottier, 2000 and Jakobsons, 2002 agreed with Stulz, 2007 on the fact that they are all form of investment funds, companies and private partnerships that use derivatives for directorial investing. Those investments are permitted to go short and also use a substantial leverage through borrowing. Hedge funds have a limited number of investors who can participate, and also they cannot make public offering in order to avoid regulation. Ahedge fund is typically a collection of funds managed by the hedge fund manager-typically through a separately organized company, the management company (Stulz, 2017). Hedge fund managers focus on maximise the increase in investment value rather than sim ply perform better than average. They are paid based on the amount of wealth increase they made, and most of their compensation depends on giving investors a positive absolute return. Stulz (2007) argued that the hedge fund industry may have played more of a role in creating liquidity and making markets efficient than the mutual fund industry. The hedge fund industry could do so because it was generally not regulated, so that funds were free to take whatever positions they wanted and to make full use of financial innovations. As hedge funds are enormously free from regulations that hold back mutual funds to operate at the best capacity, they have developed a better sophisticated, unconventional and proprietary investment strategies. Hedge fund means that risks are being hedge in order, but for some hedge funds take an aggressing approach with no particular hedging policy. The fees of a hedge funds are higher and depend on the performance which distinguishes them from mutual funds. Certain funds do not have the opportunity to take short positions, invest in derivatives but investing in hedge funds give them a simple way to expand their scope of investing. Hedge fun ds managers are given the chance to search for profitable opportunities that other investors do not have the resources or expertise to find. Looking at the track of top hedge funds managers, we can affirm that they very much found these opportunities. Hedge funds often make profits by providing liquidity to the markets by buying securities that are temporarily depressed because of market disruptions (Stulz, 2017). Furthermore, a hedge fund manager focuses on achieving absolute returns by finding as many profit opportunities as possible that are immune to market gyrations-in industry lingo, generating alpha (returns uncorrelated to market performance) rather than beta(imf, 2017). According to Duffie and Stein (2015) how was LIBOR manipulated by Banks and Traders? What solutions do they propose? From definition, LIBOR is the London Interbank offered Rate, it is a daily fixed rate used by the banks to borrow between each other. LIBOR play a central role as benchmark in modern financial markets. During the financial crisis of 2007-2009, banks were more concerned on the image they sent to the world. None of them wanted to be seen as creditworthy than others. As result from such behavior, when the banks were polled to produce LIBOR, some understated their costs. Which is known as a form of manipulation. In other cases, traders looking for profit on a position would ask bank officials to bias their reports. By doing so they would cause the benchmark to move one way or the other. In some instances, more significant distortions were achieved through collusion that coordinated the misreporting among several banks (Duffie Stein, Spring 2015). Various policymaking group that acknowledged the manipulation problem associated with LIBOR believed that it would be in the best interest of financial market to part away with the current practice. They wanted to change from the fixing LIBOR rates using judgmental submissions from a panel of banks something more secure. According to Duffie and Stein (2015) different types of solution might be worth looking into. They acknowledge that a transition from the current methodology to something might be hard to do but necessary if we wanted to tackle the problem. Their first solution was using the interest rates set by the Federal reserve as benchmark. The federal reserve set two rates: the rate it pays to banks on their excess and the overnight reserve repurchase rate. Because those rates are used to implement monetary policy and are set by Federal reserve they are shield from manipulation. Another solution they put forward was the use of the rate on short-term treasury bills. While this market is not manipulation-proof, it is certainly much deeper and more active than the market for unsecured bank borrowing (Duffie Stein, Spring 2015). Although this solution may provide some benefits, in some moments of stress on the economy they realised that investors tend to walk away from it. However, they concluded the merit in using should make us give some careful consideration. Treasury general collateral risk repo rate is another near-riskless rate they argued might be a solution. It is made of the average rate at which dealers acquire overnight financing secured by treasury securities. It is a market that is highly liquid and as the treasury bill, we would expect general collateral repo rates to be robust to manipulation. The last one is the overnight index swap, according to Duffie and Stein (2015) it pays a predetermined fixed interest rate in exchange for receiving the compounded daily federal funds rate over the 3-months term of the contract. An advantage of OIS is that it does not incorporate the same kind of safe-haven premium as Treasury bills (Duffie Stein, Spring 2015). A liquid derivatives market has an incentive of manipulation from the participants using the underlying benchmark. As big as the derivatives market is, one should expect a flaw in efficiently operating in and manipulation should be considered as the inevitable cost of doing business.   Cause reforming the whole system at this point would cost a lot money and time and would not necessary tackle the problem. According to Armour et al (2011) what has been the impact of bank fines on Banks. Explain the event study methodology as proposed by Armour et al (2011) to determine the impact of bank fines. as stated by Armour, Mayer and Polo (2011) a firms reputation reflects the expectations of partners of the benefits of trading with it in the future. They believed certain types of revelation may be expected to impact negatively on trading parties expectations of a firms future performance. An announcement by a regulator that a firm has engaged in misconduct may constitute precisely this type of revelation. They observed that the penalized firms stock prices experience statistically significant abnormal losses of approximately nine times the fines and compensation paid. They interpreted the fall in equity market value in excess of mandated payments as the firms reputational loss (Armour, Mayer, Polo, 2017). They used the statistical method to assess the impact of the public announcement of misconduct on the value of the firms. It was done in order to see how the investors respond to such news about the firms. The basic idea is to calculate the irregular price reaction around the event, using the market model as benchmark model for normal returns. They used a pioneer methodology by Fama et al (1969) which evaluates the reaction of stock price to the public announcement of misconduct. Adding to that They followed the residual approach used by Jarrel and Peltzman (1985), Karpoff and Lott (1993) and Karpoff, Lee and Martin (2008). Using 260 days period, they analysed the ordinary least square regression of Ri,t, and Rm,t which are the returns on firm is common stocks on day t and the index of market returns on day t. They use this formula Reputational loss = ΆVt Fine Compensation to measure the reputational losses. After getting the 3 days average cumulative abnormal returns of -1.68% which represent an average of the effect of all press statements. Then their sample was decomposed into cases which characterised investors and customers and also third parties in order to see the effect of press statements referring to misconduct that affected them. In the third parties group we had entities like the states, other companies investors. Doing this allows us to see that shareholder wealth effects are highly dependent on this stratification (Armour, Mayer, Polo, 2017). They observed that there is a -2.62% share price drop when the wrongdoing affects the customers and investors, a 0.24% increase when it is third parties. This is consistent with theories which suggest that revelation of information of misconduct by a firm will cause its trading partners its customers and investors to downgrade their assessments of its quality and adversely affect its terms of trade (Armour, Mayer, Polo, 2017). Why is banker pay relevant? Are bankers paid too much for what they are doing as job? Why even after the financial crisis bankers are still paid huge sum of money when other workers in different sectors saw their salaries cut due to the recession? Those are some of the questions that have been bothering people for quite sometimes now. Bebchuk, Cohen and Spamann (2010) performed an analysis using the period of 200-2008. They compared the performance of companies directed by top earning CEO to their salaries. In order to analyze if they were really worth paying those salaries. They found that those companies operated on incentive basis. Those firms bonus compensation structure, gave executives the incentives to seek improvement in short term earning figures even at the cost of losing the investments in the future. Originally the executives take the money and invest them to maximize the profit. The higher the risk the more profit the investments will make. Most executives focus on the bonus they will collect on those investments, the higher the risks they are taking, higher will be the bonus they will collect. And when the investments go bust and turn into massive losses, they still hold on to the bonus they made. Most banks arrange their pay in that way because they want excessive profitability. Most banks will prefer to retain the services of extraordinarily talented traders. In order to attract those people, they are ready to pay substantial premium for their services. In football you have Messi and Ronaldo and the rest follow, same principle with top tr aders (best CEO). The decision bankers make not just affect the bank but the economy as a whole which is why most firms are willing to provide a good incentive in order to be profitable. Also there is a notion that if you pay a banker in a good way it perform better. In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008-2009, there widespread beliefs that executive pay arrangements could have encouraged excessive risk-taking and that fixing those arrangements will be important in preventing similar excesses in the future (Bebchuk, Cohen, Spamann, 2017). They argued that during the period 2000-2008, top executives of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers cashed large amounts of performance-based compensation. Annual salaries of those top executives have hardly changed, and kept increasing due bonuses. During the crisis, top bankers in 2011 had their pay fully recovered to the point where they were getting more money than before the crisis. If bankers are paid in a competitive labour market and simply rewarded for their talent, there seems little reason for government intervention, at least on efficiency grounds. That was why in late July 2011 the European commission unveiled its proposals known as CRD IV which covered the following area the bonus cap It restricted the senior staff bonuses to 100% of their fixed remuneration in any given year or 200% with agreement of shareholders. It recommended performance pay based on a combination of an assessment of the individual and the overall results of the firm. In addition, performance should be assessed in a multi-year framework in order to ensure that the assessment process is based on longer-term performance and that the actual payment of performance-based components of remuneration is spread over a period which takes account of the underlying business cycle of the credit institution and its business risks (Ferrarini, 2015). the Pay Out Process Rules the de minimis principle While the CRD IV proposed a very good alternative for bankers remuneration, it is apparent that the application of such are doomed to be limited by the sad reality of our world. It has said the bonus cap is counter-productive, because it drives up fixed pay, reduces firms cyclical cost flexibility and perversely makes material risk takers less personally accountable for risk management failures, by reducing the proportion of their pay that can be lost as a result of any failure (out-law, 2017). It is natural that cutting the incentive of getting high compensation through bonuses would encourage most of the senior staffs to seek a different way to maximize their profit. It will put pressure to increase fixed pay and .Another limitation is the one size fits all approach taken to tackle the problem. Not all the credit institutions are the same, so an incentive structure that may work for one firm is not necessarily suited to another.

Political Knowledge and Civic Engagement Essay -- Socioeconomic Status

The economic level also strongly effects on if young people have computer or not; also to have DSL or router for internet service also depending on how much money you have. B. K. L. Genova and Bradly S. Greenberc, 2006 indicated that the population with higher socioeconomic status their trends to political information a faster rate than lower status segments, so that the gap in knowledge between them trends to increase rather than decrease Age effects how University students rate credibility in online news and the students found online news more credibility than old media (Bucy, 2003),. Delli Carpini & Keeter, 1996 young people with high levels of education have higher political knowledge and civic engagement (Delli Carpini & Keeter, 1996). Speech researchers in this field have indicated that socio-economic status is another factor in assessing political knowledge and civic engagement, especially income; consequently, those with greater incomes are more engaged both civically and politically activities, and they are much more knowledgeable about politics issues than other groups with low income status (Delli Carpini & Keeter, 1996, p. 215; Schlozman & et al., 1999, p. 433). but the negative correlation between exposure to political comedy shows and age according to (Xiao Xia cao.2008, p, 56) in his study about the moderating effects of age and education in exposure to political comedy shows and its relation with political knowledge in 2000&2004 primary election campaigns in America but he found positive relationships between education " young people with high degree education more than lower level of educated " in political knowledge and political participation. Indeed, regarding the gender issue, the Internet allows the expr... ...g access to news and gaining information. Instrumental sites such as search engines, social contacts through e-mail, blogs, and Facebook, as well as the discussion of taboo topics are just some of the uses; along with entertainment, sports, and search for moral guidance and religious advice through religious websites (Bunt, 2009; Hofheinz, 2005; Abdulla, 2007 in Dominika and Sisler,210.p.3). -in Egypt and according to the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics the young people age (15-29) years as 2008 statistical were (35.5) million as (33.31%) of the total population and the gender ratio among Egyptian young people 103 males per 100 females; whereas the number of Internet users from young people (376.2) million (8.60%) men and (2.39%) women, this mean Men more likely to use and access the internet than women and this maybe for cultural reason .

Population Problems in Bangladesh

[pic] Assignment On Population Problems in bangladesh Submitted To: Halimur R. khan, Ph. D. Professor FBA Eastern University Submitted By: Name |ID | |Dewan Abdullah |101200205 | |Jannatul Ferdaous |101200214 | |Tanzila Afrin | 101200004 | |Shahina Akter |101200211 | Faculty of Business Administration Submission: 11/05/2011 Terms of Reference May 11, 2011 Halimur R. khan,Ph. D. , Professor Faculty of Business Administration, Eastern University Sir, The report at your hand is on â€Å"population problem in Bangladesh†. You assign us to prepare this report as a part of the Business Communication (BUS-201) course requirement. While preparing this report, we have tried to follow your instructions given in the class.We believe our report contains information help us to make a clear recognize about â€Å"population problem in Bangladesh†. We really enjoyed doing such a challenging report. If you have further queries regarding this paper, we gladly remain stand by whenev er you ask for it. Finally, we are grateful to you for giving us a nice opportunity to work on this report, which we have considered as a great chance for us to develop our analytical skills. Sincerely yours, Dewan Abdullah Jannatul Ferdaous Tanzila Afrin Shahina Akter [pic] 1. Introduction: Today more than a billion people live in the areas richest in species diversity and the most threatened by human activities. The world’s population is now more than 6. billion and continues to grow by 83 million people per year. During the last half-century, the world’s population more than doubled. Between 1960 and 2010, the world population rose from 3 billion to 6. 8 billion. In other words, there has been more growth in population in the last fifty years than the previous 2 million years that humans have existed. Currently the rate of population increase is 1. 2% per year, which means the planet’s human population is on a trajectory to double again in 58 years. The plane t's major renewable natural resources—its fresh water, fisheries and forests—are already strained, and our atmosphere has been dramatically alter.Based on these trends, it is clear that the 21st century will witness even greater pressures on natural resources—with the poorest among us often paying the greatest price. Thomas Malthus believed that natural rates of human reproduction, when unchecked, would lead to geometric increases in population: population would grow in a ratio of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and so on. However, he believed that food production increased only in arithmetic progression: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. It seemed obvious to him that something had to keep the population in check to prevent wholesale starvation. He said that there were two general kinds of checks that limited population growth: preventative checks and positive checks. Preventative checks reduced the birth rate; positive checks increased the death rate.Despite sustained domestic and internati onal efforts to improve economic and demographic prospects, Bangladesh remains a developing nation, in part due to its large population. Its per capita income in 2006 was US$2300, compared to the world average of $10,200. Recent (2005–2007) estimates of Bangladesh's population range from 142 to 159 million, making it the 8th most populous nation in the world. With a land area of 143,998 square kilometers (55,600 square miles, ranked 94th), the population density is remarkable. A striking comparison is offered by the fact that Russia's population is only slightly smaller. Bangladesh boasts the highest population density in the world, excluding a handful of microstates.Bangladesh's population growth was among the highest in the world in the 1960s and 1970s, when the country grew from 50 to 90 million people, but with the promotion of birth control in the 1980s, the growth rate slowed. The total fertility rate is now 3. 1 children per woman, compared with 6. 2 three decades ago. The population is relatively young, with the 0–25 age group comprising 60%, while 3% are 65 or older. Bangladesh remains among the poorest nations in the world. Many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land. Nearly half of the population lives on less than 1 US$ per day. BANGLADESH had one of the highest rates of population growth in the world. Bangladesh is among the poorest Asian countries. GNP per capita, now at $170, has grown very little since 1970 and is still among the lowest in the world.Rural people–90 percent of the population–have seen increasing landlessness and economic dislocation. Underemployment remains high. The overall literacy rate is 30 percent; for women, it is only 22 percent. The social status of the vast majority of women, bound by the restrictions of a patriarchal, traditional society, has changed little since Independence. Top 10 countries, based on population†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ [pic] 2. State of the problems : It is alarming news. People in Bangladesh should now understand the reality of the problem. Population is growing, land for cultivation is sinking, climate change will create havoc for the country, there is excess in government expenditure for foreign trips and hosts of other problems are coming up.I heard the Prime Minister saying that she send the Bangladeshis abroad to solve the population problem. That sounded hollow to me. The government should have a viable policy of limiting population growth. This is a serious problem for Bangladesh. [pic] 2. 1 Environmental Issues: Many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; water-borne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and er osion; deforestation; severe overpopulation. 2. Overpopulation Creates Traffic Jam: Traffic Jam is one of the most irritating problems in Bangladesh. Everyone feels it but none seems to think over this unhappy situation as prevails in Bangladesh. Communication is an important aspect of our day-to-day life. And as such, the bad effect of traffic jam can better be understood than described. So that, movements on the roads and streets must strictly be regulated by certain rules, which we call, traffic rules. Vehicles must keep to the left, obey speed limits and should avoid overtaking and follow the traffic signals. If these rules are followed strictly, the vehicles can go on smoothly without causing any traffic jam.But most often than not, there is glaring carelessness about these rules. As a result, the common people pay very dearly for it. People lose their time on their way for nothing. Sometimes we feel inclined to think that our government and the people at the helm of these affa irs are very indifferent to such vital problems. Something positive must be done to relieve the people from such problems. T[pic] The main reasons of traffic jam is overpopulation. 2. 3 Overpopulation Creates Load Shedding Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the economic and social development of the country.Mills and factories become idle, industrial production declines, workers are retrenched. Social order suffers a great damage. Students suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candle lights. The housewife gropes in the darkness in the kitchen. the shops have to close down. Men in the cinema halls spend hours in stuffy suffocation for failure of the supply of current. People return home after a day's hard work only to enter a dark den. The entire life-domestic and industrial comes to a standstill. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the economic and social development of the country.Mills and factories become idle, industrial production declines, workers are retrenched. Social order suffers a great damage. Students suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candlelight. The housewife gropes in the darkness in the kitchen. The shops have to close down. Men in the cinema halls spend hours in stuffy suffocation for failure of the supply of current. People return home after a day's hard work only to enter a dark den. The entire life-domestic and industrial comes to a standstill. So that it says, demand of electricity is increase when population is rapidly increased day to day. 2. 4 Housing Problem Housing means providing our dwelling place.It is a problem because very little attention is paid to it. That housing is a problem must first be considered a great problem by the government as well as the conscious citizens. The employer must be compelled to provide proper a ccommodation facilities for their employees. The government may also impose suitable taxes on profit and utilize this income for the purpose of building accommodation for workers. The government should also make it a point to make the people in general conscious of the danger of unhygienic living. The picture shows that overpopulation creates both environment pollution & housing problem [pic] 2. 5 Educational problems Population problem creates educational problems too.It is an extraordinary job to get admission in schools, colleges and university. For twenty seats, there may be two thousand candidates. 6. Unemployment In the field of employment this condition is dangerous. For one single vacant post there will be thousand candidates. Thousands and thousands of people are out of work in the country. 2. 7 Sound pollution Among the many-side environmental pollutions, sound pollution is one of the serious problems. It has reached an alarming stage now-a-days. The quietness of our life has totally vanished. Even within our homes sound has been very common. Many are the causes of this problem of sound pollution. Microphones blare out day in and day out.Film songs are played on cassette recorders at top volume even from the wayside betel shops. There are the aggressive bullying horns of automobiles. During religious festivals crackers are burst in discriminately and as a result the lives of the children and the aged person become miserable. Shouting of slogans also contributes not a little to sound pollution. One can even come across slogan shouting in hospitals. The extent of sound pollution has already crossed the normal limits of human endurance. We have to pass strict laws to take effective steps against the misuse of microphones. So that, population problems creates sound pollution that is chasing us in almost every step of our life. 2. 8 Green House EffectThere are many causes of green house effect. The destruction and cutting down of tropical rain forests. Ve hicles that clog up city streets and rapid growth of population are the most effective causes of green house effect. All this reports provide strong evidence that world temperatures are increasing day by day; growth of population is the most effective causes of Green house effect. 2. 9 Overpopulation Can Increasing Air Pollution The city of Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. It faces a number of problems for overpopulation. Increasing air population is one of them. It is creating serious threat to health for the millions of the city dwellers.The root cause of this air-pollution in this city is the rise of population, unplanned industrial activities and growth motorizes vehicles. Then there are the auto-rickshaws, tempos, buses, mini bus and trucks. These vehicles discharge excessive amount of carbon in the air. It has been reported that at present 80 thousand cars, 40 thousand auto-rickshaws, 16 thousand trucks, 1500 buses and 22,500 other vehicles are operating in the Dhaka Metrop olitan area. Then there are also a good number of vehicles coming in and going out from the city every day. In the context of this situation, necessary measures for control of air-pollution should situation. Necessary measures for control of air-pollution should be taken jointly by the government and the city dwellers. 2. 0 Food problem Population in Bangladesh is increasing by geometrical progression. But the agricultural production is increasing by arithmetical progression. The production of food cannot keep pace with our increasing people. So there is the shortage of food in our country. Every year a large quantity of food is to be imported from abroad. 2. 11 Health problem â€Å"Health is wealth†, but our people are suffering from many diseases. Many children of our country are blind because they do not get enough nutrition. Our children often suffer in diarrhea. 2. 12 Medical and medicine problem The large number of population creates the treatment problems too.There is only one qualified doctor for every 25,000 village people on the average. They also do not get proper and sufficient medicine. 2. 13 Shelter Problems The area of Bangladesh is too small to arrange shelter for the large number of population. In our country some people sleep under the porn sky, under the large tree, at railway station. This cause creates only for the population problems. 2. 14 Poverty Overpopulation is a cause of poverty. The increasing population of our country is creating pressure to our wealth. Our wealth is limited. So day by day we become poor. In this picture the little poor boy is working to earn money for food. Overpopulation increases food problem & poverty [pic] 3.Reasons of population problems in Bangladesh: Population growth is not the only threat facing humanity, but it will be a major contributor to the crises that await us and the planet in the coming century. Overpopulating the planet puts us all at risk of extreme environmental and social consequences that we are beginning to witness today. Beyond the dour environmental implications of current and future global population growth, there is a human tragedy in process as well. When we look forward to the next 40 years, the most significant population increases will take place in the areas of our world where natural resources and the infrastructure of modernity are already the scarcest.Ninety-five percent of human population growth is occurring in countries already struggling with poverty, illiteracy and civil unrest. In fact, developing countries are in need of approximately $1 trillion per year in new infrastructure (school rooms, for example) to accommodate the dramatic increases to their populations. This figure is effectively impossible to meet, which means the continued expansion of human population will result in an increase in the number of people living in poverty, unemployment and with inadequate health care. 3. 1 Hypothesis: †¢ Lack of awareness: Lack of awareness is the burning issue of increasing population. It is the root of all problems.Gender discrimination: There is a traditional view of having a male child. Parents thought that if they have a male child they will support them economically when they are able to earn. Parents specially take care of a male child than female one. So they try to have more and more male child. This practice is increasing the member of the family as well as the whole country. This situation is mostly seen in rural villages and in slum areas. †¢ Early marriage: Another main reason of population problem is early marriage of girls who are under 18. Poor parents are mainly interested in early marriage. Having daughter is a burden to them so they try to get them married early. Lack of education: The quality of education in remote rural areas was far worse than in urban areas, largely due to a scarcity of English teachers and the predominance of religious schools (‘madrasas') where English is not taught, t he study said. Our kids are falling behind in many areas of intellectual achievement. The whimsical decision of the government not to promote teachers without certain qualifications is further worsening in this situation. Sixty-nine percent of students who had completed five years of primary school were unable to read news headlines in Bangla newspapers properly, while 87 percent of pupils failed to do simple mathematical calculations, the study, entitled National Assessment of Pupils of Grades Three and Five – 2006, said.Conducted by the Second Primary Education Development Programmer (PEDP-II) – a donor-assisted programmer to ensure quality primary education for all children – the study reported that 72 percent of children were unable to write a short composition in Bangla – the mother tongue of over 95 percent of the population. 2. Some other reasons are given below: †¢ There is not enough food to feed a growing population. †¢ There is not a stable enough economy to give jobs or a decent standard of living to the current population, much less a growing one. †¢ Consumption of Resources for the current population already out weights the planet's capacity. †¢ Pollution by the current population is heavy, and would be worsened by a greater population. †¢ Education is best given individually, and the system is stressed when more students are added. 4.Solutions to the population problems in Bangladesh: We should all come forward to control the population. The government of Bangladesh is trying to control it. To remove this problem we should following arrangement: †¢ Using contraception: There are many choices to make about whether or not to use contraception and what method to use if you want to avoid a pregnancy. Contraceptive methods include the use of hormones, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and barrier and natural methods. People choose to use contraceptives (birth control) for a variety of reasons. Choo sing the birth control that is right for you is a personal decision and should be an informed one. You may have decided that you don’t wish to have children or would love them – just at a later point in your life. ? You may choose to use birth control to help space the timing of the births of your children. ? You may be feeling like your family is complete, so you wish to guard against the possibility of becoming pregnant again. Because we are all individuals and have our own unique needs, so too, we may prefer a particular contraceptive method over another – depending on our sexual, moral, or reproductive needs. †¢ Birth control: Birth control is an umbrella term for several techniques and methods used to prevent fertilization or to interrupt pregnancy at various stages.Birth control techniques and methods include contraception (the prevention of fertilization), contraception (preventing the implantation of the blast cyst) and abortion (the removal or expu lsion of a fetus or embryo from the uterus). Contraception includes barrier methods, such as condoms or diaphragm, hormonal contraception, also known as oral contraception, and inject able contraceptives. [1] Contraceptives, also known as post-coital birth control, include intrauterine devices and what is known as the morning after pill. †¢ Mass education: There is a famous saying in Bangladesh: â€Å"Lekha pora kore Je Gari Gora chore se† (Those who are educated will succeed).This traditional thinking of education as the ticket to the good life emerges in different ways and degrees in Bangladesh. Education is seen as something that is received rather than achieved and it has increasingly become dependent on certificates. †¢ Stop early marriage: Education is the most important key to helping end the practice of forced child marriages. Many believe that education may prove to be more successful in preventing child marriages than banning child marriages. Education of the parents is just as important as education of the children. Education will broaden their horizons and will help convince parents of the benefits in having their children educated. It is important to provide education involving more than reading, writing, and math.Teaching these young girls life skills, including reproduction and contraception information, how to have fun and how to play in sports, is proving to be a positive way to change the lives and futures of these adolescent girls. †¢ Stop early pregnancy: Early marriage is mostly seen in village. This problem is increasing rapidly because those people don’t have awareness. To solve this problem the mother have to wait at least 18 years old before trying to have children improves maternal and child health. Also, if additional children are desired after a child is born; it is healthier for the mother and the child to wait at least 2 years after the previous birth before attempting to conceive but not more than 5 y ears. 5. Conclusion: Population pyramids, or age-sex pyramids, graphically depict the distribution of a country’s population based on age and gender.A top-heavy pyramid represents a country with an aging population that is failing to replace itself. Contrarily, a bottom-heavy pyramid represents a country with a rapid growth rate. Furthermore, indentations and spikes represent natural, environmental, and human phenomena that have affected population growth over time. Causes of these reductions and booms in population are natural disasters, famine, wars, postwar eras, increase in level of healthcare, and baby boom eras. The population is a great malady for Bangladesh. But this can be solved if the government and the people are firmly determined to control birth rate and grow more food at the same time. No improvement is possible unless this problem to solve†¦. [pic][pic][pic]

Character Tags in Fiction

Character Tags in Fiction Character Tags in Fiction Character Tags in Fiction By Maeve Maddox In the parlance of fiction writing, a character tag is a repetitive verbal device used to identify a character in the mind of the reader. More than a simple description, a character tag calls to mind aspects of the characters personality and uniqueness. Uriah Heeps clammy hands, his constant hand rubbing, and his use of the word humble to describe himself and his mother are character tags that make him unforgettable. Sherlock Holmes and his violin, his shag tobacco, and his uncanny aptitude for noting and interpreting details others ignore, are only three of the numerous character tags that make him live in our imagination. Character tags may be drawn from any aspect of the characters appearance or behavior: voice gestures body carriage dialect and speech mannerisms hair clothing scent mental state A sympathetic character who has red hair may be described as having carrot red hair, while a creepy character might have hair the color of dried blood. Some characters in a novel may appear only a few times, but the most minor character needs a character tag or two to make him memorable. In The Mummers Curse Gillian Roberts introduces a minor character with this description: I didn’t recognize him, but I didnt think I should be scared. He was polite, his voice low-pitched and confident, and apparently he knew me. Besides, he was elegant. In his early forties, I thought, with prematurely silver hair uncovered despite the freezing wind, and looking none the worse for it. His topcoat was visibly soft, cashmere, I suspected, and his hands, encased in buttery brown gloves, held a leather-bound book with gold-edged pages. When the character appears again, the author reiterates some of these details, for example, the silver hair that defies the elements, the expensive attire, and the book. C. R. Corwins Morgue Mama Mysteries feature a newspaper librarian in her sixties. Many of her character tags have to do with her appearance: My name is Dolly Madison Sprowls. Im 68 years old. Im short, a little dumpy, and I havent changed my hairstyle since college. I looked up and found Chick Glass. I figured that was you, Maddy, he said. He playfully flicked my Prince Valiant bangs with his fingers. Used judiciously, character tags add dimension to the characters and enable the reader to tell them apart. Depending on what mental baggage the reader brings to the story, however, character tags can jar the reader out of the dream and cause annoyance. In the Amanda Pepper mysteries by Gillian Roberts, Amanda is a native of Philadelphia. Her boyfriend Mackenzie is from the South. One of his character tags is that he lapses into his native speech when stressed. Speech tags involving dialect and speech mannerisms can be effective, but Roberts doesnt just make use of the tag and move on; she has Amanda comment at such length on Mackenzies lapses that I grow annoyed at what seems to me to be a display of a misplaced sense of regional superiority. The Maddy Sprowls character has two character tags that yank me out of the story every time they occur. One is a speech tag and the other involves a habitual gesture. Here are examples: Are you saying Gordon was gay? Good gravy, does everything have to be about sex? She took the brick†¦How much did you pay for it? I pawed the air. It was a steal. Every time I read the interjection Good gravy, I pictured Archie, Jughead, Betty, and Veronica from the comics. I dont know if they said it, but thats what I thought of every time and there are lots of good gravies in Dig. The other tag that never failed to jar is I pawed the air. Maddy paws the air a lot. Every time I read that tag I imagined a rearing horse. I finally decided that Corwin intended to convey the dismissive gesture one might make while saying Pshaw! Character tags are great ways to make fictional characters live, but take care to avoid any that may defeat the purpose of keeping the reader engaged in the story. More on character tags: Kaye Dacus Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?50 Idioms About Roads and PathsMood vs. Tense

Free Essays on The American Dream

What is the American Dream? Is the American Dream still achievable? What is an opportunity and how can we plan for it? The questions remain. Everyone’s dream is to own their own business and to be their own manager. Proper steps and timing must be used in order to reach this so called â€Å"American dream†. However, it is the steps that deter people from achieving their dream. Opportunity is only available for people that desire to achieve. We live in a market economy. A "market" is a place where goods are bought and sold. This also means that the market or marketplace is the possibility of sale. Goods "find a market.† If you have a product, eventually you will find a place in the market where it can be most profitable. There is also a market for services. Services can be bought and sold the same way that commodities are bought and sold. Whether it be a service or a commodity, if there is a demand for it the product and/or commodity will be sold. Markets are opened to those who want to sell their product or commodity. Markets are also available for the convenience of those looking to purchase a particular product or service. The market represents an opportunity for all, buyers, and sellers. A market economy works on market â€Å"pressures† that develop for different commodities. These â€Å"pressures† are defined as an offering of the product, the choice of whether or not the product or service should be bought and time constrai nts. As business owners glimpse the future, decisions are made on the basis of the following factors: (1) Profit (2) Capital Investments (3) Production results. The owner of the business will review what profit has been made from their production and what losses they have incurred through that process. After reviewing the results of the profit margin, the owner must make decisions to increase volume. This process usually involves hiring more people, buying more materials, and often bidding up their prices... Free Essays on The American Dream Free Essays on The American Dream In 1852 when John Henry Newman wrote his essay, â€Å"The Idea of a University,† he wanted to convey that a University’s purpose was to be able to educate first-rate members of the social order. Newman’s theory, although over a hundred years old, still applies to today’s college students; many are seeking higher educations to not only lead to successful careers, but to also become an improved person in society. In a time when human endeavor was being redesigned, as industries, philosophies, and sciences were growing and affecting the world, Newman wrote an essay explaining the ideas and goals for seeking a liberal arts education. He states in his thesis that the function of such education, â€Å"is that of training good members of society† (Newman, 1852). Now two questions come to mind about the definition of, â€Å"training,† which Newman proposed. Is it preparation for someone to obtain a lucrative profession? On the other hand, is it guidance for someone to develop into an impacting member in the social community? Newman suggests both. He writes, â€Å"It is the education which gives a man a clear conscious view of his own opinions and judgments, a truth in developing them, and an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in urge them. It teaches him to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skein of though, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irrelevant. It prepares him to fill any post with credit, and to master any subject with facility.† (Newman, 1852). Thus defining a student who has received his degree and is ready to enter a professional field of work, as not only being prepared to perform the work, but also to carry it out at a higher level than expectation s were set to. He is a man well, â€Å"trained,† to overcome any job related obstacles he may encounter. â€Å"He is at home in any society, he has common ground with every class; he is able to listen; he can ask a ... Free Essays on The American Dream What is the American Dream? Is the American Dream still achievable? What is an opportunity and how can we plan for it? The questions remain. Everyone’s dream is to own their own business and to be their own manager. Proper steps and timing must be used in order to reach this so called â€Å"American dream†. However, it is the steps that deter people from achieving their dream. Opportunity is only available for people that desire to achieve. We live in a market economy. A "market" is a place where goods are bought and sold. This also means that the market or marketplace is the possibility of sale. Goods "find a market.† If you have a product, eventually you will find a place in the market where it can be most profitable. There is also a market for services. Services can be bought and sold the same way that commodities are bought and sold. Whether it be a service or a commodity, if there is a demand for it the product and/or commodity will be sold. Markets are opened to those who want to sell their product or commodity. Markets are also available for the convenience of those looking to purchase a particular product or service. The market represents an opportunity for all, buyers, and sellers. A market economy works on market â€Å"pressures† that develop for different commodities. These â€Å"pressures† are defined as an offering of the product, the choice of whether or not the product or service should be bought and time constrai nts. As business owners glimpse the future, decisions are made on the basis of the following factors: (1) Profit (2) Capital Investments (3) Production results. The owner of the business will review what profit has been made from their production and what losses they have incurred through that process. After reviewing the results of the profit margin, the owner must make decisions to increase volume. This process usually involves hiring more people, buying more materials, and often bidding up their prices... Free Essays on The American Dream Throughout the history of our country, the United States of America has often been referred to as the â€Å"land of opportunity.† Though in some situations this may have been the case, for most Americans, especially in the nineteenth century, every day life was an ongoing struggle. Due to several factors, the US had a hard time living up to the expectations of its citizens. The citizens who faced the greatest hardships in this country were immigrants from around the world. Immigrants expected to come to America and find streets paved with gold. They thought that all they would have to do in order to achieve their fortune was chip a piece of gold off the street. In reality, they found obstacles not so dissimilar to those from which they were seeking asylum. Often they could not find employment as easily as the American born citizens. Those who did find work were forced to work long days at a minimal salary. In the book America Firsthand, there is an account written by a woman who migrated from Poland when she was a child. She worked in a Cigar shop in Cleveland, Ohio for nominal pay. The conditions in this were terrible and can easily be referred to as a â€Å"sweat-shop.† The children working in the shop were worked long hours with occasionally defective materials but were driven to produce more at a faster rate. The owner of the shop w as very greedy and unfair. He would look at the work done by the workers and would contest the smallest of imperfections in the cigars that were made. The imperfections would result in a wage penalty even if it was due to poor quality tobacco. As the owner became wealthier, he increased the size of his operation from a shop to a full-fledged factory. The mistreatment continued and the account goes on to describe an ensuing strike organized by the workers. Finally, the owner agreed to higher wages but the mistreatment continued. At the end of the account, the workers formed a small union b...

Dystopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dystopia - Essay Example The fictional novel depicts life in the fictional futuristic society. The following discourse thematically focuses on the book in view of trying to find its relevance to human life. In order to portray the specific thematic issues in the story, the novel has a characteristic plot in which the author validates all her fictional themes. She sets the story in a post-civil war society known as the Gilead Republic. The republic lies in the modern day United States and the story begins with a military revolution that overthrows the government of the United States after an Islamic terrorist group bombs the society thus killing both the president and a section of the congress. This creates room for the radical and extremist military group to disregard the constitution. Instead, they put in place an authoritative form of governance. In fact, they change the name of the society to ‘Gilead Republic’ where they rule with an iron fist. Among the fundamental social changes that the ne w regime institutes is the confiscation of all the financial resources previously belonging to women. This way, the new government incapacitates women thus reversing the previous gender roles prevalent in the United States. The new government introduces a cashless society following the implementation of an electronic payment mechanism. The technology permits the government to monitor all the financial resources belonging to women thereby confiscating such. Additionally, the new government ran by the group referring to as themselves as the â€Å"Sons of Jacob† bans the employment of women. The seizure of all the finances previously belonging to women by freezing their bank accounts coupled with the ban on women employment reverses the gender roles as the new government redefines the women roles in the society. through the poor financial policies instituted by the new government, the society plunges into abject poverty as viral diseases spread through the region thus reducing t he population of the previous United states (Hammer 35). The author thus narrates the story through the first person narration technique by following the life of one of the key women in the new society. Offred was an average American woman in the previous civilization; she had a respectable family with a husband and a daughter. As an upper middle class American woman, she had a respectable lifestyle and avoided the prevalent viral diseases that began spread before the collapse of the previous regime. In the new government, Offred is a concubine just as all other women in the new republic. However, unlike many others, she is health and therefore serves as a tool for reproduction. The Commander known as Fred keeps Offred as a concubine but unlike any other, he considers using her to foster his lineage. the following story is therefore of betrayals as the various characters both male and female strive to survive in the new authoritarian society. The author of the novel selects the feat ures of the novel strategically in order to validate her claims. Among the styles she uses is the futuristic position of the novel. She understands that the issues she raises had never been experienced neither in the past nor in the present society. However, placement is a fundamental literary feature. She must place the plot in both a time and a society in order to earn some relevance to her

Dose makes the poison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dose makes the poison - Research Paper Example Our body itself is a combination of chemical elements and compounds. It is vital to divide the chemicals present in our environment into the good ones and the harmful ones. Moreover, also focus on how the toxic and deadly effects of the chemicals can be avoided is also of importance. The story of Strong Poison by Dorothy S. Layers revolves around a mystery case of the murder of Philip Boyes by arsenic poisoning. Harriet Vane is accused of the murder of her fiancà ©, as she is a crime novelist and knows an awful lot about the novel and all the evidence points in her direction. However, Lord Peter Wimsey is convinced of her innocence and struggles to convince the jury as well. The book discusses a great deal about the arsenic poisoning and the symptoms the victim suffers from, bringing the horrifying adverse effects of a toxic chemical under highlight. It is vital to understand what is toxic in our environment and can lead to adverse effects. A toxic substance is a substance that can be poisonous or cause health effects. Toxicity of a substance is not measured on the basis of its severity of effects; it can strike a single cell, a group of cells, an organ or the whole body. It is basically measured to the degree to which it is poisonous to biological organisms including humans. Chemicals toxicity is also dependent on the dose of the chemical, route of exposure, the duration and the number of incidents of exposure, and individual’s susceptibility. In 1500s, Philippus Aureolus brought forward the argument that a chemical can be entirely harmless or even advantageous at low concentrations but the same chemical can turn into toxic at higher levels. He stated, â€Å"All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy† (Trautmann). Indeed many chemicals which are beneficial at low concentrations even essential for human health can lead